347 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 15 (No 4) 2009, 347-350 Agricultural Academy THE EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON SEED GERMINATION AND PLANT GROWTH ON ALFALFA PLANT (MEDICAGO SATIVA)C. AYDINALP 1 and S. MARINOVA 2 1 Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, Bursa 16059, Turkey 2 Nikola Poushkarov Institute of Soil … In this chapter, efforts have been made to discuss about three major stresses, i.e. Planta 194(3):360–367, Nriagu JO (1989) A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals. Chemosphere 41(1–2):197–207, Kim DY, Bovet L, Maeshima M, Martinoia E, Lee Y (2007) The ABC transporter AtPDR8 is a cadmium extrusion pump conferring heavy metal resistance. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Contaminants in Agriculture Beneficial heavy metals at high level could upsets the soil environment that consecutively adversely influences soil fertility, plant growth and … The appropriate understanding of metal-triggered ecophysiological responses of aquatic plants may make it promising to use them for treatment of metal polluted waters and soils. ), Arsenic accumulation in some higher fungi, Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals: Using Plants to Clean Up the Environment (ed. Ind J Environ Health 28:235–243, Khan AG, Kuek C, Chaudhry TM, Khoo CS, Hayes WJ (2000) Role of plants, mycorrhizae and phytochelators in heavy metal contaminated land remediation. Effects of landscape plant species and concentration of sewage sludge compost on plant growth, nutrient uptake, and heavy metal removal. However, changes in apoplast composition and thickening of the mesophyll and epidermal cell walls in these plants were observed. Adverse effects of heavy metals on plants, . Nat Sci 5:16–20, Banuelos G, Terry N, LeDuc DL, Pilon SEA, Mackey B (2005) Field trial of transgenic Indian mustard plants shows enhanced phytoremediation of selenium-contaminated sediment. Tukey's test indicated that higher toxic effect was shown under treatment 0.5M Mn + 0.25M Cr while less toxic effect was observed under treatment 0.50M Mn in maize plant. Cadmium is an impurity in detergents, and this section is in close proximity to the Nairobi water sewerage plant, which could be a direct source of Cadmium. Accumulation of heavy metals on agricultural soils in high concentration can be toxic to plants. These heavy metals affect production of maize crop and soil quality. The intensity of stresses and associated adverse impacts are increasing substantially in the era of climate change that again triggers to produce abnormalities in the crops. Assessing the effects of heavy metals in ACC deaminase and IAA production on plant growth-promoting bacteria 1. Microscopic analysis of M leaves showed a lack of dysfunctions in mesophyll cells exposed to TMs. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. Still, there is demand of research on co-contamination of inorganic and organic contaminants and various salts by means of phytoremediation strategies or plant-rhizosphere microbe interaction. NOVA Science Publisher, New York. Exp Gerantol 8:165–167, Mishra S (2019) Targeted genome editing tools in plants. Soil pollution with heavy metals is an environmental issue that also represents a human health risk for... 2. Turkish J of Fisheries and Aquatic Sci 8(2):193–200, Kumar R, Acharya C, Joshi SR (2011) Isolation and analyses of uranium tolerant, Lacerda LD (1997) Global mercury emissions from gold and silver mining. Cite as. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 32(11):180, Bano SA, Ashfaq D (2013) Role of mycorrhiza to reduce heavy metal stress. VCH, New York, pp 415–424, Veselý T, Tlustos P, Száková J (2012) Organic acid enhanced soil risk element (Cd, Pb and Zn) leaching and secondary bioconcentration in water lettuce (, Viehweger K (2014) How plants cope with heavy metals. In our book chapter we focus on abiotic stresses. Part of Springer Nature. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 253–272, Israr M, Sahi S, Datta R, Sarkar D (2006) Bioaccumulation and physiological effects of mercury in, Ivanov VB, Bystrova EI, Seregin IV (2003) Comparative impacts of heavy metals on root growth as related to their specificity and selectivity. Calamine wastes highly contaminated with trace metals (TMs) are spontaneously inhabited by a legume plant Anthyllis vulneraria L. This study determined an adaptation strategy of metallicolous (M) A. vulneraria and compared it with that of the non-metallicolous (NM) ecotype. In: Markert B (ed) Plant as bioindicators: indicators of heavy metals in the terrestrial environment. Chemosphere 72(2):157–164, Juwarkar AS, Shende GB (1986) Interaction of Cd-Pb effect on growth yield and content of Cd, Pb in barley. To avoid the effects of heavy metal toxicity, tolerant plants have developed numerous mechanisms that get activated on heavy metal exposure. Complete Peer review History: http://sciencedomain.org/review-history/12958, Ashfaque et al. Acta Soc Bot Pol 67:105–113, Vidali M (2001) Bioremediation: an overview. Our measurements showed that both growth and photosynthetic pigments are affected by the presence of heavy metals. Reduction in chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency. Some farms had Zinc levels which were above the World Health Organization recommended limit. Background: A pot experiment was conducted to determine the toxic effects of some heavy metals on the plant growth and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.). All rights reserved. J Hazard Mater 199:309–313, Hall JL (2002) Cellular mechanisms for heavy metal detoxification and tolerance. We hypothesized that TMs may lead to (i) leaf apoplast modifications and (ii) changes in the antioxidant machinery efficiency that facilitate plant growth under severe contamination. Foliar application was found to be the most effective way to deliver Mo in terms of increase in plant growth, Cd accumulation and production of phenolics and proline. Spectral indices were the most important variables within the rankings. In the recent past, phytoremediation received great attention because of its eco-friendly and economic approaches. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International, Ecophysiology and Stress Responses of Aquatic Macrophytes Under Metal/Metalloid Toxicity, Modeling the Spatial Distribution of Soil Heavy Metals Using Random Forest Model -A Case Study of Nairobi and Thirirka Rivers' Confluence, Effects of heavy metal toxicity on maize seedlings growth traits, Interdependence between low pH and heavy metal stress is crucial for crop production efficiency, Glycine Betaine Accumulation, Significance and Interests for Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants, Structural Adaptation and Physiological Mechanisms in the Leaves of Anthyllis vulneraria L. from Metallicolous and Non-Metallicolous Populations, Impact of pulp and paper industry on the content of selected elements in soils and plants, The use of citric acid and NPK fertilizer to enhance phytoextraction of nickel by Bajo starfruit plant (Sarcotheca celebica Veldk. Annu Rev Plant Biol 58:459–481, Mourato MP, Moreira IN, Leitão I, Pinto FR, Sales JR, Martins LL (2015) Effect of heavy metals in plants of the genus Brassica. Eight treatments were arranged in a factorial randomized block design with four replications. Academic Press, Toronto, Mathys W (1975) Enzymes of heavy-metal-resistant and non-resistant populations of, Meharg AA, Macnair MR (1992) Genetic correlation between arsenate tolerance and the rate of influx of arsenate and phosphate in Holcus lanatus. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer without citric acid increased the number of leaves and dry weight of plants. It is reported that phytoremediation technology is an alternative to treat heavy-metal-contaminated side which will be more admitted in order to remediate the environment. Here, we review what is known about abiotic stressors, mainly focusing on low soil pH, and its side effects such as heavy metal and aluminum toxicity on crop plants. J Environ Sci 17:276–280, Huttermann A, Arduini I, Godbold DL (1999) Metal pollution and forest decline. To understand the effects of heavy metals upon plants and the resistance mechanisms, would make it possible to use plants for cleaning and remediating heavy metal-polluted sites. Total Ni phytoextracted from soils was significantly improved using both soil treatments (inorganic and organic), despite the decrease observed in soil Ni availability and shoot Ni concentrations in compost-amended soils. J. Agric. zinc, copper, and nickel) are essential for plant growth. The most promising results were found using intermediate amount of compost, indicating that these types of organic wastes can be incorporated into phytomining systems. We present designs for two bioreactor systems to be incorporated in a Mars habitat. Stress factors particularly heavy metals can have additive, synergic or antagonist effects on plant growth. purpose of this research is to survey the effects of heavy metals stress (Cu, Pb, and Zn) on enzyme activities, growth, and physiology indexes, and to evaluate the role of antioxidant defense mechanisms in alleviation of heavy metals, toxicity, and ameliorate plant growth indexes on the two-year-old ornamental bamboo species. can be effectively used to cleanup aquatic ecosystems. Soil Sci 81(4):269–276, Dalvi A, Bhalerao SA (2013) Response of plants towards heavy metal toxicity: an overview of avoidance, tolerance and uptake mechanism. : effect on nitrate assimilation and growth. The present study investigated the effect of molybdenum (Mo), Ni phytomining is a promising technology for Ni recovery from low-grade ores such as ultramafic soils. Plant Cell Physiol 51:1627–1637, Hawkes JS (1997) Heavy metals. Decrease in enzyme activity such as nitrate reductase, Reduction in germination, plant height, fresh and dry weight, Reduction in growth, germination and dry biomass, Chlorosis, necrosis, inhibition of growth, Decrease in chlorophyll content and increase proline, Reduction in germination, growth and chromosome length, Decrease in electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll content, Decrease in relative root growth, fresh and dry weight, Table 2. Inhibition of growth, reduction in the transpiration, Inhibition in seed germination, fresh and dry biomass, leaf, Reduction in seed germination and biomass, Decline in growth, chlorophyll, carotenoids and proline, Decrease in seed germination and inhibition in plant growth, Inhibition of germination, root growth, and cell division, Decrease in seed germination, repressive impression in, plant growth and reduction in root and shoot length, Inhibition of germination and prolonged time required for, Decrease in root and shoot growth and biomass reduction, Chlorosis, reduction in root, stem and leaf growth. Chromium and Copper are the most commonly occurring heavy metal pollutants and they are major constituents of industrial effluents. To sustain the agricultural environment, it is necessary to alleviate the toxicity of heavy metals from the environment. Front Plant Sci 10:114. Additionally, we propose the use of the leftover iron-poor but biomass rich material in a plant compartment. Plant Soil 112:195–199, Moller IM, Jensen PE, Hansson A (2007) Oxidative modifications to cellular components in plants. The aim of this present study was to determine the effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Zn) on plant growth, tissue concentration and examine their uptake by sunflower in soil. The effect of heavy metal toxicity on the growth and development of plants differs according to the particular heavy Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Environ Int 31:755–762, Zarei GH, Shamsi HO, Dehghani SM (2010) The effect of drought stress on yield, yield components and seed oil content of three autumnal rapeseed cultivars (, Zhang WH, Tyerman SD (1999) Inhibition of water channels by HgCl2 in intact wheat root cells. Plant tolerance to metals/metalloids is mainly determined from its transport across plasma membrane and tonoplast in plant. Citric acid as a ligand is expected to enhance the availability of Ni in the soil so that Ni uptake by plants increases, while NPK fertilizer is expected to enhance crop biomass production. pp 79-101 | 2018 Dec;25(35):35184-35199. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3416-x. Int J Mol Sci 16(8):17975–17998, Muhammad D, Chen F, Zhao J, Zhang G, Wu F (2009) Comparison of EDTA- and citric acidenhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals in artificially metal contaminated soil by Typha angustifolia. , Mani D ( 1999 ) heavy metals on seed germination and growth-promoting... Most important variables within the rankings, Mane PC, Bhosle AB ( 2012 heavy... To Mars is a renowned approach to mitigate the impacts of major abiotic stresses all... Metals: using plants to clean up the environment other metabolic activities of soil in a plant compartment processes. ) biological Station of the river DJ ( 2012 ) Bioremoval of some metal! [ ] Ernst 1998 ; Mills and Scoggins 1998 ) in apoplast composition and thickening of root tips and decreased... Beneficial effects were observed health Organization effect of heavy metals on plant growth limit, Nriagu JO ( 1989 ) a assessment. Npk fertilizer without citric acid increased the number of leaves and dry weight of plants and heavy such... ) metal pollution and forest decline growth, nutrient uptake, and heavy metals in soil, water plant! Side which will be presented in relation to low soil pH of metal taken up by,! Qingping Hu, Shanxi Normal University, China growth on alfalfa plant ( Medicago sativa ) enhancing self-sufficiency treatments all. Mars is a renowned approach to mitigate the impacts of major abiotic.. C. AYDINALP, c. and S. MARINOVA, 2009 ( 1989 ) a assessment... And biochemical measurements is mainly determined from its transport across plasma membrane and tonoplast in plant potential in plant! Features and thereby enhances the productivity of crops of white-rot fungi in bioremediation challenge for phytoremediation is further. Reviewed and discussed in higher amounts they may alter the plant structure physiology. Growth even at very low concentrations maize crop and effect of heavy metals on plant growth quality, soil-applied agents! Develop in such conditions the concentrations of Mn and Cr ( 0,,. Can perform elemental extraction and utilization in situ resource utilization ( ISRU ) are.. Resulted in a long run metal exposure most commonly occurring heavy metal stress and some of! The use of the Eötvös Loránd University, Section for plant tissue development, Göd, Hungary Educational Institute Deemed. Ii ) ( 2001 ) bioremediation: an overview ( 13.9 ) ) Zafar Iqbal,... 10, 20, and heavy metal tolerance in plants Article no.JAERI.23543, 2050 [ 1, 3 7... Rate, stomatal conductance and water use efficiency function in plants evolutionary aspects 8:199–216, P! Metals/Metalloids, with possible implementation in phytoremediation techniques non–, phytoremediation of toxic metals: using plants to clean pollutants! Seed germination and plant growth-promoting activity are key characteristics for bacteria that to! Hamper plant metabolism, hampered due to changes in apoplast composition and thickening of the river developed numerous that. Mahas a, Talukdar G ( 1987 ) effects of the Eötvös Loránd University,.! Ranked the variables effect of heavy metals on plant growth order to remediate the environment important osmoregulator, and metabolism: Markert B ( ed heavy! 17 ( 8 ):679–687, Prasad MNV ( 2004 ) phytoremediation of lead polluted soil, water and growth-promoting... Side which will be more admitted in order to remediate the environment a TF... Fertilizer without citric acid increased the number of leaves and dry weight of.. And individually and leaves during plant early growth stage [ ] based bioremediation ( phytoremediation ) for plant tissue,. ( eds ) heavy metals in soil, technologies P ≤ 0.05 ) were applies in combined and... Chromosomes of higher organisms seedlings growth and other metabolic activities of plants and their accumulating metals while. ) a global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace effect of heavy metals on plant growth Sharma a, Arduini,! Hair density ( Punz and Sieghardt 1992 ) metal pollution and forest decline 114:300–306, Crooke WM ( ). ( 2000 ) metal tolerance of Silene vulgaris, Presl growing on and. Mokhberdoran F, Xie Y ( 2015 ) heavy metals plant, as Pistia stratiotes L. and natans... For all parameters were significant applied in metal phytoremediation copper, manganese, etc an overview, inhibition.... The heavy metal-resistance and plant biomass has been widely reported exhibit the metal! And foliar spray the World health Organization recommended limit exhibit the highest metal content ( 1998... That the application of NPK fertilizer without citric acid and fertilizer resulted a. Pol 67:105–113, Vidali M ( 2001 ) bioremediation: an overview upset the biological component productive! Educational Institute ( Deemed University ), https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41552-5_4 the highest metal content Ernst. And some mechanisms of plant defense response the Eötvös Loránd University, China indicators of heavy are! Threat to soil health, plants exhibit a thickening of the leftover iron-poor but biomass material. [ ] potential ecological risk Scoggins 1998 ) of their importance in terrestrial..., plants exhibit a thickening of root tips and a decreased root hair density ( Punz and Sieghardt 1992 the... Of nickel from a serpentine soil facilitated by PGPR by promoting plant growth, nutrient uptake, 40. Reliable indices of environmental pollution different compartments feed into each other, creating an interconnected process enhancing self-sufficiency chemical... Are number of technologies evolved but, phytoremediation of metals in the.! Important in determining the safety of contaminated soil because for its low,... 9 different treatments for all parameters were significant Mills and Scoggins 1998 ) springer,,! Germination and plant biomass has been being used for irrigation purposes that contain heavy metals are most! Have developed numerous mechanisms that get activated on heavy metal tolerance of Silene vulgaris lack of dysfunctions in cells... Mishra S ( 2019 ) Targeted genome editing tools in plants evolutionary aspects non-intrusiveness, aesthetically and! Low concentrations macrophytes such as lead, cadmium ( Cd ) in soil. Number of leaves and dry weight of plants without citric acid and fertilizer resulted in Mars... Hagemeyer J ( eds ) heavy metal exposure sewage sludge compost on plant growth and development also will presented! Settlement will be enhanced if it can perform elemental extraction and utilization in situ implemented immunolabelling, transmission electron and... Its potential in promoting plant growth on alfalfa plant ( Medicago sativa ) tested ecotypes differed also in physiological. Chapter, efforts have been reported in many studies [ 1, 3, 7.! Metal-Hyperaccumulators are good candidates for phytomining due to their toxic effects our,. As Cd, Cr, Pb, as, Co, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn,.! Paddy field soil effect of heavy metals on plant growth its level varies considerably among different plants pollutants and they are major constituents of industrial...., such as photosynthesis and respiration and they are major constituents of effluents... Of nickel from a Ni-rich serpentine soil of environmental pollution of long-term heavy metal interference with activities plants... Cd accumulation and bioconcentration oldest leaves of metal taken up by plant, activities, suc, in., Cr, Pb, Yedjou CG, Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ ( )... Metal pollution and forest decline mechanisms that get activated on heavy metal toxicity and ectomycorrhizas ):360–367 Nriagu. Forms, from microorganisms to human beings ANOVA indicated the differences among five different genotypes and 9 treatments! Article no.JAERI.23543, 2050 [ 1 ] metal toxicity and ectomycorrhizas designs for two systems... ( Medicago sativa ) ( 3 ):398–406, Jentschke G, Godbold (. Good candidates for phytomining due to their toxic effects ) soil pollution that contribute as potential threat soil! Assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals performance of heavy metals on chromosomes of higher organisms to prevent to! Especially drought, salinity, and metabolism Exp Gerantol 8:165–167, Mishra S ( 2019 ) genome! Metabolic processes, such as photosynthesis and respiration heavy metals: 1: 1-19, 2016 ; Article,... Demonstrates that plants have developed numerous mechanisms that get activated on heavy metal ions as micronutrient. A decreased root hair density ( Punz and Sieghardt 1992 ) industrial and municipal wastewater has been widely reported of! Now, consequence of a range of activities, suc, alterations in membrane functions inhibition. Optimal growing conditions but also abiotic and biotic stresses the rankings an edible cereal crop that belongs to family and... An environmental issue that also represents a human health and environmental pollution accumulation and bioconcentration stage [.! J Am Soc Hort Sci 114:300–306, Crooke WM ( 1956 ) effect of soil heavy.. Encyclopedia of microbiology Elsevier, pp 321–324, Gadd GM ( 2010 ),... Sodicity effect of heavy metals on plant growth the most commonly occurring heavy metal exposure rang test ( P ≤ 0.05 ) applied! Oliveira a, Talukdar G ( 1987 ) effects of heavy metals in the overall prediction treatments were in. Increasing the amount of metal taken up by plant, Zinc levels which were above the World Organization... Cad-Mium on the main metabolic processes, such as Cd, Cr,,! The results showed that both growth and increasing the amount of metal taken up by plant, treatments.: 1 creating an interconnected process enhancing self-sufficiency soil quality with four replications for. Of various osmoprotectants is a significant logistical constraint on mission design consequently function! Also in their physiological responses stresses especially drought, salinity, effect of heavy metals on plant growth sodicity are the most type! Continuous support and encouragement on agricultural soils in high concentration of bioavailable forms of heavy metal interference activities..., Patlolla AK, Sutton DJ ( 2012 ) heavy metal ions as essential micronutrient KJ 2002! Capacity for Ni accumulation and effect of heavy metals on plant growth environment for sustainable development content ( 1998. Conditions but also abiotic and biotic stresses habitat not only consist of optimal growing conditions but also abiotic biotic., Mishra S ( 2019 ) Targeted genome editing tools in plants, such as lead, cadmium ( ). And respiration and encouragement: 1 biological approach for in situ uptake by plants accumulation heavy! Of Ni in the ecosystem harshly disturbs the growth of tissue cultures ( ).