Romans 16 begins with a recommendation which was written in order to introduce a woman by the name of Phoebe to the Christian community in Rome. Paul stayed in Jason's home when a riot broke out in the city. They also ministered in the synagogue, for Luke tells us that one morning they heard a mighty and eloquent man named Apollos preaching, but it was evident to them that he did not understand the fullness of the gospel, for he preached only what John the Baptist taught, that "One was coming, who would do mighty things." So, here are the names for God in the Bible. Rom. Part of this was based on the fact that I Corinthians 11:17 shows a clear transition to the believers meeting together, which is not clearly mentioned in I Corinthians 11:2-16. Finding your blog was one of those serendipitous moments that occur from time to time: I got so much more than just what I was seeking at the time. The God of peace, who will preserve the peace of the church, will also crush Satan under your feet." The same verb occurs five times in the second half of 1 Cor. Three women are listed in Romans 16:12. They are educated slaves who have become Christians. Twenty-nine people are mentioned in Romans 16:1-16, with twenty-eight based in Rome. https://www.pbpayne.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Payne-OUDE-CBE-ETS-final.pdf. Romans 16:6. NRSV, Rufus may be a son of Simon of Cyrene, the man who was forced to carry Jesus’s cross. All of Paul’s advice in 1 Timothy 2:8-15 is very specific. Enjoy this video and share it … Ignore them. I do have one question in particular that I have been wondering. Gaius, whose hospitality I and the whole church here enjoy, sends you his greetings. Romans Chapter 16. Romans 16:3 Greek Prisca, a variant of Priscilla; Romans 16:7 Or are esteemed by; Erastus, who is the city's director of public works, and our brother Quartus send you his greetings. What they were doing in Rome we do not know -- doubtless they were leaders in the church there. The family of Stephanas were the first converts of Achaia ( 1 Cor. Most of the names in this chapter are members of the Roman church that Paul is sending greetings to. I think the thing we need to remember from this list of names is that these Christians were noted for their steady, tested commitment, their faithfulness to the gospel. I ask you to receive her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints and to give her any help she may need from you, for she has been a great help to many people, including me. 3Greet Priscilla and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus. 14:26 indicates communal participation at such gatherings. He realized that the work of the Lord is like a tapestry. The Roman soldiers laid hold of a passing stranger whom they compelled to bear the cross to Calvary. In fact, we read in Mark 16:15, “And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature.” It is the same Greek word used here as in Romans 8:19-22. (Romans 16:17-20 NIV). Philippiansologus means "a lover of the word," and this was probably a nickname given to him, just as Barnabas was called "the son of consolation," even though that was not his name. They figure prominently in the list of greetings Paul sends to the Christians at Rome, with 10 of the 29 people mentioned being women. Was it private or public, or a bit of both? What a relief, not to be bothered with a church building program! Take Romans 13. I can’t keep them in my head, and I too easily lose track when counting. Here are a couple of papers arguing for the hendiadys idea. Message transcript and recording © 1977 by Ray Stedman Ministries, owner of sole copyright by assignment from the author. Rather, it gives insight into the church in Rome and it reveals Paul’s esteem and regard for some of the believers there. I think it makes its best progress when it infiltrates all levels of society and brings them all together in the church of Christ. The most famous Narcissus we know in Roman history was a former slave who became the personal secretary of the Emperor Claudius. Greet Mary. The God of peace will soon crush Satan under your feet. Designed by Brugel Creative | © Margaret Mowczko, Exploring the biblical theology of Christian egalitarianism, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Partnering Together: Paul’s Female Coworkers, Tabitha: An Exemplary Disciple (Acts 9:36-42). Jehovah Elohim – The eternal creator (Genesis 2:4-5) Jehovah Adonai – The Lord our sovereign; Master Jehovah (Genesis 15:2, 8) Jehovah Jireh – The Lord will see or provide (Genesis 22:8-14) So I don’t understand this point about reading. Evidently, a Christian church had grown up there, and Phoebe was a deacon in it. Prisca and Aquila were a married couple. In Jesus' name, Amen. 29. If so, it means that even in the royal household there were a number of Christian servants and slaves who exercised great influence on the leaders of Rome -- even the emperor himself. Again, I appreciate your help and your knowledge. But I have always been fascinated by this man Apelles, whom Paul says has been "tested and approved in Christ." the Joanna mentioned as a wealthy patron and follower of Jesus in Luke 8:3 and 24:10 may be identical to Junia, with Joanna being her Aramaic name and Junia its Greek/Latin equivalent.3 Whatever her identity, Paul’s deference to her authority illustrates the utmost respect on his part. Chrysostom used the words correctly. NIV. 11:16). Notify me of follow-up comments by email. I won’t be reading any more of Edgar’s paper. Say hello to Epaenetus, my dear friend, who was the first convert [literally “first-fruits] in Asia for Christ. Which are in the Lord - This might intimate that some of this family were not Christians; those only of that family that were converted to the Lord being saluted. Paul makes a point of highlighting the ethnicity of some of his fellow Jews, his suggeneis (Rom. After Phoebe, twenty-eight Roman Christians are listed. Subject to permissions policy, all rights reserved. https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-106-snapshot-church-romans-161-16-21-23 Perhaps surprisingly, there was a lot to learn from the long list of names. 21Timothy, my fellow worker, sends his greetings to you, as do Lucius, Jason and Sosipater, my relatives. Prisca Romans 16:3-5a While strongly denying that 1 Tim 2:12 contains a hendiadys, Edgar also says, “When more than one item is joined by oude the two reinforce a basic concept which relates to both of them.” Apart from the messiness of this statement, and its ambiguity, this sounds a bit like he’s describing a hendiadys. Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother, who has been a mother to me, too. "She has been a help to many others," he says, "and to me.". That is the way Christianity should work. Somewhere along the line they shared a prison term with him. See on Romans 16:7; (note).. Of the household of Narcissus - Probably dead also, as we have supposed Aristobulus to have been at this time. Posted by Marg | May 18, 2019 | All Posts on Equality, Paul and Women | 18. (See 1 Cor. Just like Prisca and Aquila, Urbanus, a man, is described using Paul’s favourite word for a fellow minister: coworker. 11:17 is indeed the beginning of a new section. When some group like this appears, many of us tend to want to rush in and excommunicate them, read them out from the pulpit, or violently attack them. Paul is very careful to remember these women and men who had the gift of helps. Romans 16:1 Or servant; Romans 16:1 The word deacon refers here to a Christian designated to serve with the overseers/elders of the church in a variety of ways; similarly in Phil. For permission to use this content, please review All in all, the pages I read contain messy arguments, prejudiced assumptions, and only a small amount of technical or verifiable information that might actually help us understand what Paul meant in 1 Timothy 2:11-15. 11:10). 11:17, 18, 20, 33, 34. Apparently Phoebe was on her way to Rome (probably entrusted with this precious letter) and Paul sends an advance recommendatio… They come from various places. (Romans 16:10b-11 NIV). It is this group, probably, that Paul is referring to. 16Greet one another with a holy kiss. Here is a small sample of them: See Mark 15:21. all the house churches, etc), and 1 Cor. A large number of those named were personal acquaintances of Paul; some had rendered him special service; many were, no doubt, his own converts. Furthermore, Paul ends his list with a call for mutual and reciprocal salutations among the Roman Christians. "Asia," as in the Revision, is the true reading. That was part of my devotional scripture reading this morning and since I have been long-intrigued by it and have wanted to distinguish the names by gender, I decided to take time to Google it as a question I have needed to ask for a long time. CEB. Paul's greetings in Romans 16. Not only do they comprise 35% of the believers mentioned, Next to “Amen,” “Christ” is the last word of Romans (Rom. Phoebe is described as a diakonos of the church at Cenchrea, but some insist she was not a minister but a servant. Julia; probably the wife of Philologus. Mary from Rome – She was Paul’s helper. What is especially interesting, however, is that seven of the ten women are described in terms of their ministry (Phoebe, Prisca, Mary, Junia, Tryphena, Tryphosa, Persis). Contrary to Kroeger and Liefield, I do not think that “to originate” is the sense of authentein in 1 Timothy 2:12. 14Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the brothers with them. Which are in the Lord - This might intimate that some of this family were not Christians; those only of that family that were converted to the Lord being saluted. It seems that the Corinthian church also met in a larger gathering for a communal meal. ... you can say the House of the Lord is I lift up the name of Jesus Hallelujah. In this post I’m going to introduce one of the many woman mentioned in Romans 16. Even many synagogues would not have had the complete Old Testament, but only some of the scrolls. Become a Patron! Lucius appears to be the same one who comes from Cyrene, mentioned in Chapter 13 of Acts as one of the teachers in the city of Antioch. Both his theology and his attitude were questionable. You can tell by the way they act that is what they want. It would be helpful if you could give me links to free versions of Edgar’s papers. It is not a picnic. Their methods are to come on with smooth and plausible talk. The name does not seem to exist. 11, in 1 Cor. Of the twenty-nine people, ten are women. A woman, Prisca (also known as Priscilla), heads this list. We have finally reached the last chapter in our study in Romans. This gathering, or gatherings, are for the purpose of ministry, including prophecy. Romans 16:6 "Greet Mary, who bestowed much labor on us." Paul decides to send greetings from all those people who were with him in Corinth. One ancient Greek manuscript and a number of ancient versions read the name “Julia.” Most editors have interpreted it as a man’s name, Junias. In Romans 16 Paul uses this term three times (see verses 7,11,21) and he names six people as his kinsmen. She bore and preserved this letter all along that hazardous journey from Corinth to Rome. In any case, there is no reason to suppose that it actually belongs in both places, nor can it be a matter of great consequence which place is the best one for it. I’m terrible with numbers. 22. See here.). (His brother, Quartus, Fourth, is mentioned in Verse 23.) That does not mean that she held some governmental office in that church; we sometimes read present-day meanings into these words. RayStedman.org/permissions. She had travelled to Rome where one of her tasks was to deliver Paul’s letter. 2I ask you to receive her in the Lord in a way worthy of the saints and to give her any help she may need from you, for she has been a great help to many people, including me. Thank you very much, Marg, for a very thorough presentation (especially your handwritten note) of Romans 16 in its setting, and your thoughts on the contents. That’s because only the men in Ephesus were having a problem with anger and arguments. In recent years, it’s been popular to say that the church has oppressed women, that it has little place for them, and even that the Apostle Paul was a woman-hater. More about Prisca and Aquila here. The author of Romans is a slave or servant of Christ (Rom. . Up to this point he has been dictating this letter to a man who identifies himself in Verse 22: "I, Tertius, who wrote down this letter, greet you in the Lord." “The members of the household of Narcissus” is more literally “those from (ek) Narcissus.” Narcissus is a male name, and like Aristobulus, he may have been the host of a house church, or it may only have been family members and/or his slaves who were Christians belonged to the church at Rome. Within those named in chapter 16, probably eight were women. His readers are “called to belong to Jesus Christ” (Rom. The first four are male names. Finally, they understood that the gifts of the Holy Spirit among them opened up a ministry for every single believer. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the minds of naive people. Then he mentions some relatives and friends, Verses 7-10: Greet Andronicus and Junias, my relatives who have been in prison with me. And many people have called God by different names in the Bible. They say, "If you have this mark, then you really are a Christian." There are no examples of the name found in any document or inscription from the first century or any other era. Phoebe -female -deacon -probably a business woman -has social position, independence -was a great help to Paul and others -is entrusted to take the letter from Paul to Rome -from Corinth. Thank you for the link to why I Timothy 2:12 is not clear, and I appreciate your helping me in this. Even the father of our country felt the urge to gain a kind of immortality by carving his name on the rock. All ancient writers who commented on Romans 16:7 understood the name to be feminine, from the early church Fathers until the 13 th century. Your email address will not be published. The letter to the Romans was carried by a traveling businesswoman, Phoebe, and she is introduced to us in the opening verses of this chapter: I commend to you our sister Phoebe, a servant of the church in Cenchreae. The danger, as Paul outlines it, is that they create factions within a church -- that is, little dissident groups that gather about and emphasize one particular point of doctrine or teaching, to the exclusion of everything else. There are 24 names mentioned in Rome -- 17 men and 7 women. The first fruits of Achaia. Apelles is a man whose faith in Christ had been tested in some way, and proven. In the first century, NT letters and documents, plus some other Christian documents, circulated as independent documents and were passed between churches. Was she Simon of Cyrene’s widow? I have been researching into Christian egalitarianism and complementarism, and I found two papers that present arguments that I am not sure how to respond to. What does he see as the one basic concept in 1 Tim 2:12? They are outstanding among the apostles, and they were in Christ before I was. My take of verse 15 is here: https://margmowczko.com/chastity-salvation-1-timothy-215/. I’ve heard a few complementarian scholars use the word “positive” in discussions when describing “to teach” and authentein, but I really don’t know what they mean. Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow Jews who have been in prison with me. (That is really the term, not deaconess, as the King James Version puts it. Tryphaena Romans 16:12 His attitude is lamentable and cause for concern. Series: From Guilt to Glory -- Experienced. 1 Cor. May I have permission to use your material in my own teaching (of course giving proper citation of source — I am a retired college professor and understand the importance of not plagiarizing someone else’s work, besides maintaining my integrity as a woman of faith)? Patrobas Romans 16:14 Looking back over his paper, I can see how he made many assumptions. Julia; probably the wife of Philologus. She represented them in some labor, and whether it was material, physical, or spiritual, she was very faithful in it. But I must admit that I am wary considering this statement in the abstract of one of the papers: “The verse is not complicated, the argument of the passage seems clear, and the normal lexical meanings of the terms seem to fit well.”, The verse and the argument (whatever he thinks the argument is) is not clear, and the meaning of the Greek word authentein is debated by some. Junia Romans 16:7, Greet Andronicus and Junia, my fellow Jews who have been in prison with me. I enjoyed this movie a lot. Hab 2:4: Rom 2:24: For the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles through you, as it is written. 11:2-16. (1-2) A recommendation of Phoebe. Hearing and seeing the amazing names of God helps us know who God is, and it gives us a deep sense of awe for our wonderful and great God and Father. 9Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my dear friend Stachys. As is the case with most of ... reason why so many women and their family circles are mentioned in Romans 16 is that they. She is the likely courier of this letter, and is heading up arrangements for Paul’s visit to Rome (15:32). We do not know what Epaenetus was doing in Rome, but he was cherished because he was the first to exercise faith in Asia. So there is quite a list of people the apostle knew personally in Rome, though he himself had not yet visited that city -- these are people he had known somewhere else in the Roman Empire. We see them first in Chapter 18 of Acts, where Luke tells us they were Jews, tentmakers by trade, who were driven out of Rome by the decree of the Emperor Claudius. This inspiring video shows several of the most important Hebrew names of God. Paul says nothing about her ministry except that she acted (ministered?) Some scholars believe, however, that the last chapter of Romans was not originally part of Paul’s letter to the Romans, but part of a letter the apostle wrote to the Christians in Ephesus. And they didn’t learn about apostolic teaching by reading, but by having letters read aloud in meetings. Romans 16:21. I cannot see an ecclesiastical office here. One wonders at the number of them, considering that the writer had never been at Rome. 26. I actually tried to make a few notes about his section on oude, but got bogged down by it because there is so much I disagree with. This is the concluding study from Romans Chapter 16. These kinds of prejudiced, baseless statements from Edgar make it difficult to take his work seriously, let alone critique it. The very last letter Paul wrote from his prison cell in Rome was to Timothy. Didn’t know so many women were involved in ministry and some of their spouse just give a helping hand . Thus he has been approved in Christ. 11:20-21). Say hello to Urbanus, our coworker in Christ . I apologize again for asking so many questions, and I thank you for your insight. 1. This chapter reveals Paul's appreciation of all who labor for the Lord. Ps 51:4: Rom 3:10-12 11 refers to ministry when the church is assembled, but perhaps Paul’s concern is conceptual rather than practical in these verses. Shortly after Nero came to the throne, he forced Narcissus to commit suicide, as he did many men. In the Gospels we are told that as our Lord was making his way down the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem, on his way to the cross, he was so weak from loss of blood that he tripped and fell. There is strong suggestion here that Phoebe was a teacher or an evangelist -- a laborer for the gospel with Paul. Nereus Romans 16:15 Our Father, we thank you for these names of men and women who long ago preceded us in the pilgrimage of life. Adam Clarke Commentary. Thank you for your reply; it was very enlightening and historically informative. There seems to be little doubt that Rufus, along with his brother Alexander, mentioned in the Gospel of Mark, were the sons of Simon of Cyrene. You mentioned how Eve did not teach Adam but merely handed him the fruit. A large number of those named were personal acquaintances of Paul; some had rendered him special service; many were, no doubt, his own converts. One thing is reasonably clear, however, authentein does not refer to ordinary authority. Please explain the … Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Did Miriam the prophetess only minister to women? The second thing they do is introduce practices or ceremonies that Paul calls "obstacles to faith," certain rituals or practices that these groups insist are the marks of true Christianity. I am sure that if they had known that mention in one of Paul's letters was to give them undying fame, there would have been a long line of people outside his door urging him to include them in the letter. This is significant as there were tensions between the Jews and Gentiles in the Roman Church at the time Paul wrote his letter. [3] Paul’s comment that Rufus’s mother was “a mother to me” may be in reference to her ministry to Paul and not just their relationship. To import the word “teach” into the creation accounts is unwarranted and artificial. Romans 16 is an important passage; about one third of the people mentioned in this chapter are women. 3:28). I commend to you Phoebe our sister, who is a servant of the church in Cenchrea, that you may receive her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her in whatever business she has need of you; for indeed she has been a helper of many and of myself also. People just got together where they could for larger meetings. We tend to think of those ancient days as a time of limited travel, and they were. “The members of the household of Aristobulus” is more literally, “those from (Greek: ek) Aristobulus.” This phrase probably refers to the family and/or the slaves of a man named Aristobulus. 27. In the New International Version, “Christ” appears 453 times! Say hello to Ampliatus, my dear friend in the Lord. The early Christians did not believe that. I’ve had a few busy days, but I’ll try and get to Edgar’s paper in a day or two. 17I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and put obstacles in your way that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. CEB. Rather, it gives insight into the church in Rome and it reveals Paul’s esteem and regard for some of the believers there. So he asks that these people and the various households be greeted. When Paul wrote this he probably smiled to himself, for their names mean "dainty" and "delicate" -- yet they were hard workers. Romans 16:16 NIV. You can picture them gathered in the home of Gaius, this gracious, genial, generous host of the city, mentioned in Paul's first letter to the Corinthians. My thanks to Pastor Moore, too, then! I could add other Bible women to this list. Erastus, who is the city's director of public works, and our brother Quartus send you their greetings. Stachys is the third person in this list who Paul describes as his dear friend (“beloved”). They were friends of Paul, and the three had lived, worked, travelled and ministered together. And yet, they who did not have to work for a livelihood worked hard in the service of the Lord. Luke tells us that after two years there, Paul left to go to the great city of Ephesus, and Priscilla and Aquila went with him. This is also a hint to us that Paul himself had some connection with the ruling family of the Jews. 14:1-15:6), and the women and slaves or former slaves we have met in Romans 16:1-15. 1 Cor. They never envisaged retiring and enjoying themselves for the remaining years of their lives. Paul doesn’t tell the Ephesian men and women that they need to raise holy hands without anger when they pray. 3. Paul sends his greetings to them and all the brothers with them. They lift them up above the rest and give them a peculiar mark of distinction, and flatter their egos as being members of the true church. Even in the fourth century, Chrysostom, in his sermon on Colossians 3, said that husbands shouldn’t behave that way towards their wives. Was it “teaching,” a word that some are reluctant to associate with Priscilla and her ministry? Her area of interest is the mutuality (equality) of men and women in Christian ministry and marriage. 13Greet Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother, who has been a mother to me, too. The real issue in Genesis 3:17 is that Adam heeded Eve’s voice and not God’s voice. . In verse 2, she is referred to as a helper of many, and of Paul. Then in Verse 14 we find a businessmen's group: Greet Asyncritus, Phlegon, Hermes, Patrobas, Hermas and the brothers with them. Greet one another with a holy kiss. But this passage is not a dry list of names. Authentein was not a good thing. 28. And Edgar’s assumption that “the verb ‘teach’ concerns a position commonly connected with authority” has no basis in the New Testament (cf. That is a sexist term. Their names are suggestive that they were probably aristocrats, women who were born to a high class. God bless you sis . These factions are really out to advance themselves, to get a following, to gain prestige. a. I commend to you Phoebe our sister: Paul certainly knew the value of what women could do in serving the church. Paul does not say to do any of those things. We know nothing about Paul's dear friend Persis, other than that she too had worked with him somewhere, perhaps traveling in his company of evangelists. (Source: Facebook) Image used with his permission. 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Line they shared a prison term with him is Mary, who was the friend... Lot from your study in Romans 16, ” “ Christ ” 453! This life, so they kept on fighting thing is most important Hebrew names people. ] in Asia for Christ. others too the sister of Moses, Exodus! Ve missed it, these dear maiden sisters who worked very hard the... This may have been accidental society from top to bottom is in an position... The apostles, and let your heart be warmed often order to come back and fight through to the at. Their personality, but perhaps Paul ’ s not totally clear if Herma ( s ) is man. Content, please review RayStedman.org/permissions there are 29 names in his flock their faith very... You will see this case, the whole church at Corinth of interest the. Its best progress when it infiltrates all levels of society and brings them all together in the of. Friend ( “ beloved ” ) friend in the church that meets in house! 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Distinction between public and private meetings in the Ephesian church Jewish studies from Macquarie University the toiler. by.... Wanted to foster unity among the apostles, and they will lose their following out of 16. Of Jesus Hallelujah Herma ( s ) is a significant chapter for the Passover ( PDF! About nine miles east of the paper, about 25+ pages of it childbearing if they [ and... Learn from the Lord, keep us at the how many names are mentioned in romans 16 Paul wrote to the following scenario: you somebody! There were tensions between the different house churches in Rome Lord: do not follow them do!