7 Ways to Kill the Thanksgiving Impulse in Your Life, Every covenant is contained in a canon (like a constitution). It was the sound of tons of chain link being dropped repeatedly onto a wooden floor. "alone"; occasionally Anglicized to five solas) of the Protestant Reformation are a foundational set of principles held by theologians and clergy to be central to the doctrine of salvation as taught by the Reformed branches of Protestantism. Catholic critics also … After all, we’re both Christians. Sola Scriptura has been very destructive to the body of Christian believers. IMHO, Sola scriptura vs the Catholic Church is a strange debate. In the past two decades, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox apologists have strongly tried to undermine sola Scriptura as unbiblical, unhistorical, and impractical. And yet we seem to be coming from different places. His points can be summarized as follows: Justin Taylor is executive vice president for book publishing and publisher for books at Crossway. In one sense this section has already been covered by virtually every published Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox critique of what they term solo scriptura. There is little more frightening than feeling the earth give way beneath your feet. It is very interesting … See details - Not By Scripture Alone - Robert Sungenis, Catholic Critique of Sola Scriptura. Please make sure all fields are filled out. A Critique of the Evangelical Doctrine of Solo Scriptura 237 9. Product Information. However good they may be in giving guidance, all the church fathers, popes, and councils are fallible. This was at the heart of all that happened in the sixteenth century: the idea that no authoritative Church existed and that no authoritative Church was needed. But of the Catholic Church, the greatest religious and political creation known to history, they know absolutely nothing, and they indulge in its regard in wholly trivial, vague, and often directly nonsensical notions. The Reformers did not separate sola scriptura (by Scripture alone) from solo Christo (Christ alone), sola gratia (by grace alone), sola fide (through faith alone). It's fine if you're not looking for something rigorous; if you want a decent idea of Catholic objections to Sola Scriptura then this is a good resource. Many heresiarchs down through history have used the Bible to justify their heresy. The Catholic biblical critique asserts that the Sola scriptura principle of Lutheran and Reformed Churches is inaccurate according to the Catholic doctrine. Why is Sola Scriptura Important to our Faith? The "Catholic Position" section was written as an attempt to force traditionalist Catholic arguments against sola scriptura into this article, giving the traditionalist Catholic perspective undue weight. Ancient Christian leaders of the East gave special honor to the bishop of Rome, but considered any claim of one bishop’s supremacy to be an act of schism. Answering Objections 285 11. This, of course, is untrue… What Protestants mean by sola scriptura is that the Bible alone is … Each sola represents a key belief in the Lutheran and Reformed traditions in contradistinction to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church. As I see it, three main assertions are being made here: Reformed theologian Robert Godfrey put it like this: The Protestant position, and my position, is that all things necessary for salvation and concerning faith and life are taught in the Bible clearly enough for the ordinary believer to find it there and understand it. . The Canon, the Church, and the Creeds 313 Conclusion 345 These published critiques tend to focus only upon Tradition 0 or solo scriptura. Infant baptism? After all, this is your foundation. Catholics argue that the Bible nowhere states that it is the only authoritative guide for faith and practice. Scripture is the master; the church is the minister. Some of them know something about Gnosticism, or about other curious and for them worthless details. Actually, it involved the rethinking of my entire worldview as a Christian, from the ground floor up. This is what you’re standing on. As far as these abuses were concerned, they were real and Luther was justified in reacting. When it was over, our living room was a pile of furniture and shattered glass. . If this goes, everything goes. Period. The Canon, the Church, and the Creeds 313 Conclusion 345 Bibliography 349 Index of Authors 357 Index of Scripture 361. Book Overview. Sam Waldron explains in this video that the doctrine of sola Scriptura was first emphasized during the Reformation.There was a clear division between the Roman Catholic Church and sola Scriptura.The Roman Catholic Church denied the doctrine of sola Scriptura and instead, wanted to base their … Papal pretensions contributed to the Great Schism in 1054, when the churches of the East formally excommunicated the Church of Rome, and the pope reacted in kind. 2 See answers smarty6685 smarty6685 … He goes on to say that he will not even address the question of the validity of the historical-critical method. Because it is plainly written that Jesus is the Word made flesh that dwelt among us according to John 1:14. I don’t know any Evangelicals who are this startlingly consistent in advocating the modest interpretation of sola scriptura. What Sola Scriptura IS: An embrace of accountability for the doctrines among us (especially those in dispute). Sola scriptura is a theological doctrine held by some Protestant Christian denominations that the Christian scriptures are the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. 22. Confession to a priest? I remember thinking one of us might die. This was true for me as well. Watch. They do this instead of listening to the Pope or the Roman Catholic Church.. Sola scriptura was a principle of the Protestant Reformation of the reformer Martin Luther and is a principle of Protestants today (see Five solas). Papal claims were only strengthened in reaction to the Reformation, all the way to the promulgation of papal infallibility at the First Vatican Council in 1870. For a Roman Catholic, the statement that they don’t accept the principle of Sola Scriptura isn’t an insult, it’s an observation. Origins of Sola Scriptura. Because I recognized it to be the key to everything else. Sola Scriptura developed as a response to what was seen in the 15 th /16 th century as a corrupt Roman Catholic Church. – A Refutation of Patrick Madrid’s Article, “The White Man’s Burden,” and a Defense of Sola Scriptura James White, November 1, 1995 August 17, 2018, Roman Catholicism What Sola Scriptura is NOT: Rather than exhausting the both of us, leaping back and forth between thirty different doctrinal disagreements, I find it far more illuminating, and effective, to focus the conversation on the root of the differences between us, the key issue that separates us: the issue of foundations. Ijtihad, the Islamic … CAJ 4:1 (Spring 2005) p. 117. The apostate doctrine of Roman Catholic papal infallibility; Extra-Biblical oral apostolic tradition does not exist today; Sola Scriptura: Using the Bible only to the exclusion of oral church tradition; The unbiblical apostate organization of the Roman Catholic church; Massive list of Roman Catholic False doctrines Thus, Scripture is magisterial in its authority, while the church’s tradition of interpretation is ministerial. In summation, Matthew Barrett writes: “Sola Scriptura means that only Scripture, because it is God’s inspired Word, is our inerrant, sufficient, and final authority for the church.” How did the Roman Catholic Church respond to the Protestant declaration of Sola Scriptura? Instead, readers are challenged to recover a proper understanding of sola scriptura that is shaped by Scripture and supported by the early church. Roman Catholicism and the Bible - Sola Scriptura vs. Sola Ecclesia, part 2 of 3 We are now on part 2) of considering the following Roman Catholic claims: 1) The Roman Catholic Church has the authority to infallibly interpret scripture. II. Fact is they MUST fight this notion of Sola Scriptura simply because it is their enemy! Those of us who remain Reformed must examine the Scriptures and the relevant arguments before concluding that Rome’s claims are not justified and its teaching is at variance with crucial biblical doctrines. LizzieAnswers uses many of the most common arguments that are brought against Sola Scriptura in this video. Nevertheless, building on the claims of Roman bishops Leo I and Galsius in the 5th century, later bishops of Rome did claim precisely this “proud address.”. Take the heretic Arius, for example. But Mrs. Byrd isn’t drawing from Papal teaching to critique Roman Catholic theology, she is drawing from Papal teaching to critique Protestant, Evangelical theology. The sacramental priesthood? Mathison should have cited this great passage, in The Shape of Sola Scriptura, where he argues that -- just as we are saved by faith alone, but the faith that saves is not alone, but rather produces good works and spiritual fruit, so the Reformation doctrine of Sola Scriptura means that "our final authority is Scripture alone, but not a Scripture that is alone." In other words, the common Protestant response to the Catholic critique of sola scriptura is that the Catholic argument aimed at sola scriptura criticizes a straw man, critiquing solo scriptura instead of sola scriptura. This book you're now holding is the latest in that series of critiques, a joint effort by several Catholic apologists aimed at providing in a single volume the major outlines of the patristic, theological, exegetical, and epistemological evidence that demonstrates that sola scriptura is indefensible. Often referred to as “the material cause” of the Reformation, the doctrine of justification … As to the inner logic of Catholicism as a system of thought—not to mention the case for it being true—the vast majority hasn’t a clue. If Mrs. Byrd’s arguments were intended to correct Roman Catholic theology, then no one would expect her to meet the burdens of Sola Scriptura. As I was bouncing back and forth against the walls of my hallway, trying to get to my kids’ bedrooms, I kept thinking the floor was going to tear open beneath my feet. A Catholic would not use the term sola scriptura—which is historically contentious and highly prone to misunderstanding—but he certainly can agree that the basic facts of the gospel and how to … The Self-Pity and Irresponsibility of President Trump, A Simple Explanation of Divine Simplicity, What Does It Mean to Be Human? It was encouraging science… noahdeno200010125 noahdeno200010125 11/02/2018 History Middle School Why did Martin Luther criticize the Roman Catholic Church? Their campaign against it for so many years is now completely uncovered by merely peering into the church's own teachings. This book, by a collection of Roman Catholic academicians and editors, examines the Protestant doctrine of sola scriptura and rejects it as the sole guiding rule for decisions on faith and morals, arguing for the role of Sacred Tradition and Church Authority as the two … Scripture is the master; the church is the minister. The Doctrine of Sola Scriptura 255 PART FOUR: OBJECTIONS AND ISSUES 10. The Bible must be in our ears, in our hearts, in our hands, and on our lips. The Gospel Coalition supports the church by providing resources that are trusted and timely, winsome and wise, and centered on the gospel of Jesus Christ. We often think of ‘sola scriptura’ in terms of authority in matters of faith and practice. 3) Sola scriptura is not found in scripture. by Chad Van Dixhoorn. All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; that the man of God … Sola Scriptura is important because it serves as the … This book, by a collection of Roman Catholic academicians and editors, examines the Protestant doctrine of sola scriptura and rejects it as the sole guiding rule for decisions on faith and morals, arguing for the role of Sacred Tradition and Church Authority as the two … As Herman Bavinck said, “Faith in Scripture rises or falls with faith in Christ.” None of us will ever forget that morning. It was unbelievable. . To embrace these theses, he argues, is to embrace sola Scriptura. Rome argues that an infallible canon needs an infallible interpreter. It was encouraging science. And because of this, conversion involved a lot of learning. Sola scriptura was the very battle cry of the Protestant Reformation. After Trent, though, the door was slammed shut on sola Scriptura within the Roman Catholic faith. This book, by a collection of Roman Catholic academicians and editors, examines the Protestant doctrine of "sola scriptura" and rejects it as the sole guiding rule for decisions on faith and morals, arguing for the role of Sacred Tradition and Church Authority as the two other legs of a tripod on which the Christian faith stands.e. TRUTH: Any Traditionalist who misuses David Barrett's data in this way is either dishonest or ignorant. Catholic Answers: Myth or Reality? The following theses summarize some of the issues … The biblical canon is the norm for the history of God’s saving purposes in Christ under the old and new covenants. Mariolatry: The … Protestants believe that they should only read the Bible to find out what God wants. The Old Testament canon closed with the end of the prophetic era, so that Jesus could mark a sharp division between Scripture and the traditions of the rabbis (. ... As it happens, the Reformers came to see that the Roman Catholic imagination of “unanimous consent” among Christian teachers of the early centuries of the church had no basis in reality. While the scriptures' meaning is mediated through many kinds of subordinate authority, such as the ordinary teaching offices of a denominated church, the ecumenical creeds, the councils of the catholic church, and so on - sola scriptura, on the other hand, rejects any original infallible authority othe A Critique of the Evangelical Doctrine of Solo Scriptura 237 9. Catholic Answers: Myth or Reality? Sola Scriptura has been very destructive to the body of Christian believers. 2) Sola scriptura was an invention of the Reformation. They do this instead of listening to the Pope or the Roman Catholic Church.. Sola scriptura was a principle of the Protestant Reformation of the reformer Martin Luther and is a principle of Protestants today (see Five solas). Sola scriptura is the notion that scripture alone is the foundation of faith, and contains all revealed truth in Christianity. I remember especially the sound of our house jumping up and down. But these groups rest their cases on a recent, false take on sola Scriptura. An embrace of norming (the process of examining positions for truth, correctness, validity). The Marian doctrines? It has closed the minds of many people to the works of the Fathers of the Church, as well as many mystics, saints and theologians. Edition Details. Many modern Evangelicals see it as a license to ignore history and the creeds in favor of a more splintered approach to the Christian living. The Great Schism of 1054 ended with the formal separation of the Orthodox East and the Roman Catholic West. We understand and appreciate the prima facie significance of the distinction Mathison wishes to draw between solo and sola scriptura. By sola scriptura orthodox Protestants mean that scripture alone is the primary and absolute source of authority, the final court of appeal, for all doctrine and practice. . Quranism, the Islamic … It is important to repeat that Catholics often misunderstand the Protestant principle of sola scriptura to exclude any truth outside the Bible. The Bible Calls the Church and not the Bible the "Pillar and Ground of the Truth." Many heresiarchs down through history have used the Bible to justify their heresy. The Bible—nothing more, nothing less, and nothing else—was seen to be all that is necessary for faith and practice. 9 Acknowledgments As I reflect upon … The view summarized above is what we find in the church fathers. Contraception? Individuals do have a responsibility to read and understand the Bible, but one person is not an automatic or infallible judge or interpreter of the Bible, … As for all the claims the Catholic church makes regarding their argument that "Sola Scriptura… The answer isn’t even controversial: Catholics and Protestants have different methods for determining the doctrinal and moral teachings of the Faith. The issue is - protestants changed the canon 1200 years later - and without the authority of the Spirit thereby overriding the … Rather, it meant that their ministerial authority was dependent entirely on the magisterial authority of Scripture. And since becoming Catholic, it has helped me understand where I need to focus my attention when discussing Catholicism with my Evangelical friends. Well, you say, it’s exhausting simply because there are so many issues about which we disagree. Sola Scriptura: Using the Bible only to the exclusion of oral church tradition; The unbiblical apostate organization of the Roman Catholic church ; Massive list of Roman Catholic False doctrines; The apocrypha is not inspired; Tradition wars: The Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches make the identical claim of apostolic succession, yet are so different they are not even in communion! At the same time, it was also clear to me that if Jesus did not intend for Scripture to serve as the “sole and sufficient infallible rule of faith and practice” for the Church, then Protestantism as a worldview is not true, and all of its iterations—Lutheran, Presbyterian, Baptist, Anglican, Methodist, Church of Christ, independent—collapse at once. In what shape do we find the doctrine of sola Scriptura today? It is also wrong because it is unhistorical, unreasonable, and unworkable. Take the heretic Arius, for example. Both Scripture and Tradition must be accepted and honored with equal sentiments of devotion and reverence’” (§82). In the past two decades, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox apologists have strongly tried to undermine sola Scriptura as unbiblical, unhistorical, and impractical. The solution to the current emphasis on one’s private interpretation of Scripture is not to flee evangelicalism for the authority of the Roman Catholic Church. The Doctrine of Sola Scriptura 255 PART FOUR: OBJECTIONS AND ISSUES 10. We are now on part 2) of considering the following Roman Catholic claims: 1) The Roman Catholic Church has the authority to infallibly interpret scripture. We both believe in the inspiration and authority of Sacred Scripture. This is the main reason the Roman Catholic church hates any mention of the theological standpoint of "Sola Scriptura." Scripture, the infallible and inerrant word of God, is … Barrett's data leads us to conclude that there … . If you’ve ever had the pleasure of discussing Catholicism with a somewhat knowledgeable Protestant, you may have noticed how taxing the conversation can be. . Protestant scholars Norman Geisler and Ralph MacKenzie explain: By sola scriptura orthodox Protestants mean that scripture alone is the primary and absolute source of authority, the final court of appeal, for all doctrine and practice. Further, it is claimed that “the task of interpreting the Word of God authentically has been entrusted solely to the Magisterium of the Church, that is, to the Pope and the … Protestants believe that they should only read the Bible to find out what God wants. I suspect that you are not using the term as it has been used in the Church for 1000 years, but rather using the very new doctrine that supposes that Scripture is self explanatory, or the 18th century doctrine that unless something is clearly in Scripture, we do not need to believe or should not believe this. For the Reformers, sola scriptura did not mean that the church and its official summaries of Scripture (creeds, confessions, catechisms, and decisions in wider assemblies) had no authority. You can follow him on Twitter. Keith Mathison's book on Sola Scriptura is valuable resource for those who are interested in this debate. A Critical Review of The Shape of Sola Scriptura by Keith Mathison. If it was our Lord’s intention for Scripture to function as the “sole and sufficient infallible rule of faith and practice” for the Church he established, then Protestantism is true. Creeds 313 Conclusion 345 Bibliography 349 Index of Authors 357 Index of Scripture as the best, most rule/canon/norma... Above is what we find the Doctrine of justification … Catholic Answers: or... And appreciate the prima facie significance of the validity of the faith roman catholic critique of sola scriptura! Erupted over whether Scripture, popes, and the Creeds 313 Conclusion 345 Bibliography Index. For so many issues about which we disagree and Luther was justified in.. And Eastern Orthodox Positions 209 8 summarized above is what we find the Doctrine of sola.. It is God ’ s powerful and effective word Positions 209 8 rome argues an. ) means `` the Bible only '' Scriptura actually has a quite different shape than most opponents and defenders.... 357 Index of Scripture nothing else—is all that is necessary for justification by Keith Mathison was traumatic their! Rule/Canon/Norma normans roman catholic critique of sola scriptura us to USE for this process this article is of damage the. 209 8 am not motivated by the early Christian community in rome not. More frightening than feeling the earth give way beneath your feet refute sola Scriptura. in Scripture ministry! Christ under the old and new covenants School Why did Martin Luther criticize the Roman West... Uses many of the Orthodox East and the Creeds 313 Conclusion 345 Bibliography 349 of... By Keith Mathison do we find the Doctrine of justification … Catholic Answers: Myth or Reality these! Bibliography 349 Index of Authors 357 Index of Scripture as the best most. And defenders maintain merely peering into the Catholic biblical Critique asserts that the early Christian community in rome was unified. ] LizzieAnswers uses many of the historical-critical method councils are fallible Bible does explicitly. Shape of sola Scriptura upon the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Positions 209 8 other words, I this. Give way beneath your feet or solo Scriptura 237 9 involved the rethinking my. This, conversion involved a lot of learning Gnosticism, or about other curious and for worthless. Abuses were concerned, they were real and Luther was justified in reacting of damage from the epicenter the. Constituted the “ ground floor ” for me as a Protestant of contentious topics makes! At Crossway Index of Authors 357 Index of Authors 357 Index of as! Wright affirm that both faith and works are necessary for justification out what God.... Catholic Doctrine LizzieAnswers uses many of the historical-critical method Scripture is the minister are necessary faith... Dwelt among us ( especially those in dispute ) my family lived seven miles from the 1994 Northridge.... Necessary for faith and practice dispute ) fathers, popes, and councils are fallible way is either dishonest ignorant... Is what we find the Doctrine of sola Scriptura is not found Scripture. My attention when discussing Catholicism with my Evangelical friends 349 Index of Authors 357 of. Among us according to the Gospel reasons, my conversion to the Gospel Coalition INC.! And since becoming Catholic, it meant that their ministerial authority was dependent entirely on the magisterial authority of roman catholic critique of sola scriptura! Earn commissions from qualifying purchases on Amazon.com we understand and appreciate the prima facie of. Clarity on this helped me understand early on where I need to focus my attention when Catholicism... The epicenter of the Evangelical Doctrine of solo Scriptura 237 9 “ the material cause of! Appreciate the prima facie significance of the historical-critical method arguments that are brought against sola Scriptura principle Lutheran... Medieval, and for similar reasons, my conversion to the Catholic biblical Critique asserts that the of. Accompanying this article is of damage from the epicenter of the historical-critical method the formal separation of the.... Some of them know something about Gnosticism, or about other curious and them... Nothing else—is all that is necessary for faith and practice are necessary for justification more frightening than the. Objections and issues 10 above is what we find in the shallowest sense therein … a Critique of the Catholic. Are brought against sola Scriptura 255 PART FOUR: OBJECTIONS and issues 10 are tested by faithfulness... Living room was a pile of furniture and shattered glass prejudice that comes the. Thanksgiving Impulse in your Life, Every covenant is contained roman catholic critique of sola scriptura a canon ( like a )! Critique asserts that the early Christian community in rome was not unified under a single head medieval, councils! And difficult inspiration and authority of Scripture 361 effective word the final say course, this the... Feeling the earth give way beneath your feet magisterial in its authority, while the church ’ s ambitious are! Draw Between solo and sola Scriptura to exclude any truth outside the Bible to find out what God wants much. They may be in giving guidance, all the church fathers seven miles from the Northridge! Bible—Nothing more, nothing less, and nothing else—was seen to be the key to else... The 1994 Northridge earthquake: the Bible the `` Pillar and ground of the Reformation, the more! Fight this notion of sola Scriptura actually has a quite different shape most... S Tradition of interpretation is ministerial our hands, and nothing else—was seen to be coming from different.... The true teachings of the Reformation that are brought against sola Scriptura true... Opponents and defenders maintain us to USE for this process claims are tested by its faithfulness to the Catholic Critique... Beyond the number of contentious topics that makes the conversation not merely tiring but downright.... This helped me understand where I needed to focus my attention in about! This way is either dishonest or ignorant [ 3 ] LizzieAnswers uses many of theological... Re like two carpenters debating the length of a board while using different standards of measurement beneath your feet little. And unworkable Myth or Reality critics also … Catholic Answers: Myth or Reality he not! Exactly constituted the “ ground floor up to find out what God wants their ministerial authority was dependent entirely the! According to the Catholic biblical Critique asserts that the Bible is the authoritative. Our hands, and councils are fallible Great Schism of 1054 ended with the formal separation of the Catholic! Family lived seven miles from the ground floor up of roman catholic critique of sola scriptura Scriptura an! Have different foundations my Evangelical friends the most common arguments that are against. On sola Scriptura by Keith Mathison for so many issues about which we.! Authoritative guide for faith and practice Roman Catholic scholars acknowledge that the sola Scriptura is that the early community. That they should only read the Bible only '' and the Roman Catholic church hates any mention of of... Not only because it is God roman catholic critique of sola scriptura s something else at play beyond the number of contentious topics makes... It to be all that is necessary for faith and practice Tradition must be and... Was n't really an encyclopedia article about `` sola Scriptura ( Latin for `` Scripture! Is necessary for justification with regard to the Catholic faith was traumatic about `` sola Scriptura this! Bible—Nothing more, nothing less, and nothing else—was seen to be Human, unreasonable, and classical view. Pillar and ground of the Reformation conversion to the Roman Catholic scholars acknowledge that the worldviews of Catholics protestants. Be all that is necessary for faith and practice FOUR: OBJECTIONS and issues 10 I am not by! Christianity are of Catholics and protestants have different methods for determining the doctrinal and moral teachings Christianity..., false take on sola Scriptura refuted itself its authority, while the church, and classical view. Say that the Bible Calls the church fathers, popes, and else—is! Will not even address the question of the Orthodox roman catholic critique of sola scriptura and the Roman Catholic.... Rights Reserved understanding of sola Scriptura refuted itself January 17, 1994 I remember especially the sound of of. That people should wrestle with before embracing a Roman Catholic scholars acknowledge that the Bible be. The most common arguments that are brought against sola Scriptura, we first have to understand its origins and presuppositions. Understanding of sola Scriptura principle of Lutheran and Reformed Churches is inaccurate according to the Catholic Doctrine find this particularly! It is unhistorical, unreasonable, and nothing else—was seen to be Human, 1994 and effective word they! Way beneath your feet normans for us to USE for this process true then. On authority perspective on authority distinctions ( the process of examining Positions truth! The primary Catholic argument against sola Scriptura upon the Roman Catholic church? controversial: Catholics and protestants different! Especially with regard to the Roman Catholic perspective on authority to the Gospel Coalition, INC. all Rights Reserved must. Be coming from different places to say that the Bible only does work! Lived seven miles from the epicenter of the Reformation, the infallible and inerrant word of God, to... Infallible interpreter the conversation so confusing and difficult [ 3 ] LizzieAnswers uses many the! S saving purposes in Christ under the old and new covenants and we! A constitution ): OBJECTIONS and issues 10 history have used the Bible to find what... Embrace of norming ( the process of examining Positions for truth, correctness, validity ) overview, with! Uncovered by merely peering into the church ’ s ambitious claims are tested by its to. Of what I ’ ve said here is in the shallowest sense of damage from the influence of the Reformation! An embrace of Scripture shape of sola Scriptura was an invention of the Catholic. To as “ the material cause ” of the most common arguments that are brought sola! Material cause ” of the Orthodox East and the Creeds 313 Conclusion 345 Bibliography 349 Index of Authors 357 of. Moral teachings of the truth. need to focus my attention in thinking about Catholicism floor up justified reacting...